概述

分享6个重要的脚本来监控Oracle数据库：

1.检查实例的可用性

2.检查监听器的可用性

3.检查alert日志文件中的错误信息

4.在存放log文件的地方满以前清空旧的log文件

5.分析table和index以获得更好的性能

6.检查表空间的使用情况

脚本内容

1. 检查Oracle实例的可用性

oratab文件中列出了服务器上的所有数据库
$ cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.
# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates
# the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form.
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
# *:/data/app/oracle/11.2.0:N
TRNG:/data/app/oracle/11.2.0:Y
*:/data/app/oracle/11.2.0:N
PPRD:/data/app/oracle/11.2.0:Y
PPRD10:/data/app/oracle/11.2.0:N
以下的脚本检查oratab文件中列出的所有数据库，并且找出该数据库的状态（启动还是关闭）
##################################################################
## ckinstance.ksh ##
##################################################################
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab
echo "`date` "
echo "Oracle Database(s) Status `hostname` :\n"
db=`egrep -i ":Y|:N" $ORATAB | cut -d":" -f1 | grep -v "\#" | grep -v "\*"`
pslist="`ps -ef | grep pmon`"
for i in $db ; do
echo "$pslist" | grep "ora_pmon_$i" > /dev/null 2>$1
if (( $? )); then
echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Down"
else
echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Up"
fi
done
使用以下的命令来确认该脚本是可以执行的：
$ chmod 744 ckinstance.ksh
$ ls -l ckinstance.ksh
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle dba 657 Mar 5 22:59 ckinstance.ksh
以下是实例可用性的报表：
$ sh ckinstance.ksh
Wed May 13 12:51:20 PDT 2009
Oracle Database(s) Status gambels :
Oracle Instance - PPRD: Up
Oracle Instance - PPRD10: Up

2. 检查Oracle监听器的可用性

以下有一个类似的脚本检查Oracle监听器。假如监听器停了，该脚本将会重新启动监听器：

##################################################################
## cklsnr.sh ##
##################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle; 
export TNS_ADMIN
ORACLE_SID= PPRD10; 
export ORACLE_SID
ORAENV_ASK=NO; 
export ORAENV_ASK
PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/local/bin; 
export PATH
. oraenv
DBALIST="nwppdb";
export DBALIST
cd /var/opt/oracle
rm -f lsnr.exist
ps -ef | grep PPRD10 | grep -v grep > lsnr.exist
if [ -s lsnr.exist ]
then
echo
else
echo "Alert" | mailx -s "Listener 'PPRD10' on `hostname` is down" $DBALIST
lsnrctl start PPRD10
fi

3. 检查Alert日志（ORA-XXXXX）

##################################################################
## ckalertlog.sh ##
##################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; 
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; 
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0; 
export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;
export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; 
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH
DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";
export DBALIST
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/PPRD10/bdump
if [ -f alert_PPRD10.log ]
then
mv alert_PPRD10.log alert_work.log
touch alert_PPRD10.log
cat alert_work.log >> alert_PPRD10.hist
grep ORA- alert_work.log > alert.err
fi
if [ `cat alert.err | wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
mailx -s " PPRD10 ORACLE ALERT ERRORS" $DBALIST < alert.err
fi
rm -f alert.err
rm -f alert_work.log

4. 清除旧的归档文件

以下的脚本将会在log文件达到90%容量的时候清空旧的归档文件：

$ df -k | grep arch
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/vx/dsk/proddg/archive 71123968 30210248 40594232 43% /u08/archive
################################################################
## clean_arch.ksh ##
################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
df -k | grep arch > dfk.result
archive_filesystem=`awk -F" " '{ print $6 }' dfk.result`
archive_capacity=`awk -F" " '{ print $5 }' dfk.result`
if [ $archive_capacity > 90% ]
then
echo "Filesystem ${archive_filesystem} is ${archive_capacity} filled"
# try one of the following option depend on your need
find $archive_filesystem -type f -mtime +2 -exec rm -r {} ;
tar
rman
fi

5. 分析表和索引（以得到更好的性能）

以下我将展示假如传送参数到一个脚本中：

##################################################################
## analyze_table.sh ##
##################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
# input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID
if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter 'oracle' user password as the first parameter !" exit 0
fi
if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0
fi

要传入参数以执行该脚本，输入：

$ analyze_table.sh manager oradb1

脚本的第一部分产生了一个analyze.sql文件，里面包含了分析表用的语句。脚本的第二部分分析全部的表：
#################################################################
## analyze_table.sh ##
#################################################################
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
set heading off
set feed off
set pagesize 200
set linesize 100
spool analyze_table.sql
select 'ANALYZE TABLE ' || owner || '.' || segment_name ||
' ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;'
from dba_segments
where segment_type = 'TABLE'
and owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM');
spool off
exit
EOF
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
@./analyze_table.sql
exit
EOF

以下是analyze.sql的一个例子：

$ cat analyze.sql
ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSER_PROFILE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE HTOMEH.QUEST_IM_VERSION ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HIST_SYS_ACT_0615 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;

6. 检查表空间的使用

以下的脚本检测表空间的使用。假如表空间只剩下10%，它将会发送一个警告email。

##################################################################
## ck_tbsp.sh ##
##################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH
DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
set feed off
set linesize 100
set pagesize 200
column "USED (MB)" format a10
column "FREE (MB)" format a10
column "TOTAL (MB)" format a10
column PER_FREE format a10
spool tablespace.alert
SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME,
TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),'999,999') "USED (MB)",
TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, '999,999') "FREE (MB)",
TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, '999,999') "TOTAL (MB)",
TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),'999')||' %' PER_FREE
FROM (
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT VALUE/1024
FROM V\$PARAMETER
WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size')/1024)
) FREE_SPACE
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) F,
(
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) T
WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME
AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 80;
spool off
exit
EOF
if [ `cat tablespace.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
cat tablespace.alert > tablespace.tmp
mailx -s "TABLESPACE ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < tablespace.tmp
fi

警告email输出的例子如下：

TABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB) FREE (MB) TOTAL (MB) PER_FREE 
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 
SYSTEM 519 401 920 44 % 
MILLDATA 559 441 1,000 44 % 
SYSAUX 331 609 940 65 % 
MILLREPORTS 146 254 400 64 % 

后面会分享更多工作上的一些实用脚本，感兴趣的朋友可以关注下！！