DBUA是Oracle极力推荐使用的升级工具，如果环境允许的话尽量使用DBUA来升级数据库。可以升级CDB,PDB,non-CDB。

安装18c数据库软件

1. 新的Oracle环境变量：

ORACLE_BASE=/u02/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=cndba

1. 资源配置：

[root@18c ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft memlock 3145728
oracle hard memlock 3145728

1. 创建新目录

mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u02/

1. 解压18c到新的ORACLE_HOME下

unzip -d /u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1 Oracle18.1.0.zip

1. DBCA安装数据库软件

只安装数据库软件

如果是单实例则选择第一个

选择企业版

修改为新的ORACLE_BASE目录

默认

安装前检查，内存不符合要求。18c建议的内存为8G

正在安装

执行root.sh脚本

升级前检查

1. 运行检查脚本

脚本可以从MOS(ID 884522.1)中下载，也可以在新的$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/中找到，直接在源库上运行即可，然后根据检查结果修改即可。

• 在源库上执行脚本检查

[oracle@cndba software]nbsp;/u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java -jar /u02/app/oracle/product  
/18.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/preupgrade.jar   
==================  
PREUPGRADE SUMMARY  
==================  
  /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/preupgrade.log  
  /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql  
  /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/postupgrade_fixups.sql  
  
Execute fixup scripts as indicated below:  
  
Before upgrade log into the database and execute the preupgrade fixups  
@/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql  
  
After the upgrade:  
  
Log into the database and execute the postupgrade fixups  
@/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/postupgrade_fixups.sql  
  
Preupgrade complete: 2018-07-10T15:01:40  

preupgrade.log里记录的是检查的详细信息，有不满足的对象可以通过查看该文件获取。根据提示：在升级前要执行preupgrade_fixups.sql脚本来修复不符合要求的对象。升级后需要执行postupgrade_fixups.sql脚本来修复。

• 下面截取部分日志：

Report generated by Oracle Database Pre-Upgrade Information Tool Version
18.0.0.0.0 on 2018-07-10T15:01:39
Upgrade-To version: 18.0.0.0.0
=======================================
Status of the database prior to upgrade
=======================================
Database Name: ORCL
Container Name: Not Applicable in Pre-12.1 database
Container ID: Not Applicable in Pre-12.1 database
Version: 11.2.0.3.0
Compatible: 11.2.0.0.0
Blocksize: 8192
Platform: Linux x86 64-bit
Timezone File: 14
Database log mode: ARCHIVELOG
Readonly: FALSE
Edition: EE
Oracle Component Upgrade Action Current Status
---------------- -------------- --------------
Oracle Server [to be upgraded] VALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle XDK for Java [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager [to be upgraded] VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle Enterprise Manager Repository [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle Text [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle XML Database [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle Java Packages [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle Multimedia [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle Spatial [to be upgraded] VALID
Expression Filter [to be upgraded] VALID
Rule Manager [to be upgraded] VALID
Oracle OLAP API [to be upgraded] VALID
…..
INFORMATION ONLY
================
14. Check the Oracle documentation for the identified components for their
specific upgrade procedure.

The database upgrade script will not upgrade the following Oracle
components: OLAP Catalog,OWB

The Oracle database upgrade script upgrades most, but not all Oracle
Database components that may be installed. Some components that are not
upgraded may have their own upgrade scripts, or they may be deprecated or
obsolete.
ORACLE GENERATED FIXUP SCRIPT
=============================
All of the issues in database ORCL
which are identified above as AFTER UPGRADE "(AUTOFIXUP)" can be resolved by
executing the following
SQL>@/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/postupgrade_fixups.sql

• 执行修复脚本

会自动修复不满足升级条件的问题，如果有没有修复的问题需要手动去修复。

SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/orcl/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql
Executing Oracle PRE-Upgrade Fixup Script
Auto-Generated by: Oracle Preupgrade Script
Version: 18.0.0.0.0 Build: 1
Generated on: 2018-07-10 15:01:33
For Source Database: ORCL
Source Database Version: 11.2.0.3.0
For Upgrade to Version: 18.0.0.0.0
Preup Preupgrade
Action Issue Is
Number Preupgrade Check Name Remedied Further DBA Action
------ ------------------------ ---------- --------------------------------
1. min_recovery_area_size NO Manual fixup required.
2. parameter_min_val NO Manual fixup recommended.
3. em_present NO Manual fixup recommended.
4. invalid_objects_exist NO Manual fixup recommended.
5. amd_exists NO Manual fixup recommended.
6. apex_manual_upgrade NO Manual fixup recommended.
7. dictionary_stats YES None.
8. trgowner_no_admndbtrg NO Informational only.
Further action is optional.
9. pre_fixed_objects YES None.
10. tablespaces_info NO Informational only.
Further action is optional.
The fixup scripts have been run and resolved what they can. However,
there are still issues originally identified by the preupgrade that
have not been remedied and are still present in the database.
Depending on the severity of the specific issue, and the nature of
the issue itself, that could mean that your database is not ready
for upgrade. To resolve the outstanding issues, start by reviewing
the preupgrade_fixups.sql and searching it for the name of
the failed CHECK NAME or Preupgrade Action Number listed above.
There you will find the original corresponding diagnostic message
from the preupgrade which explains in more detail what still needs
to be done.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

• 修改DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE

alter system set DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=10g scope=spfile;

• 修改processes

alter system set processes=300 scope=spfile;

• 移除EM

SET ECHO ON;
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
@/u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/emremove.sql

• 升级APEX

从18c开始，Oracle不会自动更新APEX组件，需要手动更新。

下载APEX：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/apex/all-archives-099381.html

要写切换到解压的apex所在的目录下再以sysdba身份登录数据库，执行脚本升级

[oracle@cndba apex]$ pwd
/software/apex
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL > @apexins.sql SYSAUX SYSAUX TEMP /i/

检查APEX版本

COL COMP_NAME FORMAT A40
COL STATUS FORMAT A12
SELECT COMP_NAME, STATUS, VERSION
FROM DBA_REGISTRY
WHERE COMP_NAME='Oracle Application Express';
COMP_NAME STATUS VERSION
---------------------------------------- ------------ --------------------
Oracle Application Express VALID 5.1.4.00.08

• 移除OLAP Catalog

从12c开始，不再支持OLAP Catalog。执行脚本移除

@$ORACLE_HOME/olap/admin/catnoamd.sql

1. 再次检查SYS/SYSTEM用户下是否有无效对象

由于升级APEX造成有无效对象，但是不是SYS、SYSTEM用户下的无效对象。可以忽略

SQL> select owner,object_type,count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID' group by owner,object_type order by owner,object_type;
OWNER OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(*)
------------------------------ ------------------- ----------
APEX_030200 PACKAGE 1
APEX_030200 PACKAGE BODY 32
APEX_030200 SYNONYM 2
APEX_030200 VIEW 4
SCOTT FUNCTION 1

1. 开启归档和闪回

查看是否开启闪回和归档

SQL> select log_mode,flashback_on from v$database;
LOG_MODE FLASHBACK_ON
------------ ------------------
ARCHIVELOG YES
没有则手动开启归档和闪回。
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database flashback on;

DBUA升级

在升级期间，DBUA会自动运行升级脚本并最小化停机时间。

在先决条件阶段，DBUA运行升级前检查脚本，并使用以下逻辑修改或创建所需的新表空间:

• 如果数据文件是自动扩展的，并且有足够的磁盘空间来扩展，那么DBUA将继续升级。如果数据文件不是自动扩展的，那么DBUA会提示你并使文件自动扩展。如果表空间是自动扩展的，并且MAXSIZE初始化参数需要调整，那么DBUA会提示进行调整，并调整MAXSIZE参数。如果没有足够的磁盘空间来增长，那么DBUA会提示你通过添加更多的数据文件来创建空间。DBUA不会自动添加新的数据文件，因为DBUA无法确定在哪里创建文件。

1. 切换到新的ORACLE_HOME下运行dbua

cd /u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/
./dbua

选择要升级的数据库，并输入sysdba用户及密码

1. dbua再次执行升级前的检查脚本

检查结果，要确保满足升级条件：这里的无效对象是非SYS/SYSTEM用户的是升级APEX造成的。生效一个升级期间会自动修复。

DBUA会检查以下内容：

• 回收站里是否有对象
• 无效对象
• 废弃和不支持的初始化参数
• 时间区域数据文件版本

并行升级：根据CPU的个数来决定并行数，从而加快升级的速度

重新编译无效对象：在升级完成后，Oracle会自动编译无效对象。如果没有勾选，则需要在升级后手动编译。

更新Time Zone：会更新Time Zone数据文件版本。如果没有勾选，则手动更新。

创建一个还原点或已有的还原点，如果升级失败可以将数据库还原到原来状态。

创建一个RMAN全库备份或已有的备份。

有自己的备份和恢复策略。

使用之前的监听

这里不配置EM，可根据自己的需要配置

检查升级数据库的概要信息

开始升级，由于是虚拟机，升级更慢

查看组件是否正常

执行脚本utlu122s.sql验证所有组件是否工作正常。

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlu122s.sql

19:30:01 SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlu122s.sql

Oracle Database Release 18 Post-Upgrade Status Tool 07-10-2018 19:30:0

Component Current Full Elapsed Time

Name Status Version HH:MM:SS

Oracle Server VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:28:06

JServer JAVA Virtual Machine VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:06:31

Oracle XDK VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:00:55

Oracle Database Java Packages VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:00:27

OLAP Analytic Workspace VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:00:49

Oracle Text VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:01:28

Oracle Workspace Manager VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:02:00

Oracle Real Application Clusters OPTION OFF 18.1.0.0.0 00:00:00

Oracle XML Database VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:03:43

Oracle Multimedia VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:03:12

Spatial VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:07:48

Oracle OLAP API VALID 18.1.0.0.0 00:00:37

Upgrade Datapatch 00:00:21

Final Actions 00:04:56

Post Upgrade 00:00:43

Post Upgrade Datapatch 00:00:14

Post Compile 00:25:19

Total Upgrade Time: 01:27:43

Database time zone version is 14. It is older than current release time

zone version 31. Time zone upgrade is needed using the DBMS_DST package.

Summary Report File = /u02/app/oracle/product/18.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/orcl/upgrade20180710171739/upg_summary.log

可以看到都正常。

查看无效对象

SQL> select owner,object_type,count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID' group by owner,object_type order by owner,object_type;

OWNER OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(*)

--------------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------

APEX_050100 PACKAGE BODY 2

SCOTT FUNCTION 1

2 rows selected.